The Male Gaze

Gaze is a psychoanalytical term to describe the anxious state that comes with the awareness that one can be viewed.

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Sound.

*Diegetic:         Sound heard by bother audience & characters.
*Non-Diegetic: Sound heard by only audience.

Non-Simultaneous- sound that takes place earlier in the story than the current image. This type of sound can give information about the story without actually seeing the events.

Direct- (Natural sound) all of the sounds recorded at the time of filming: Background noise e.g popping gum helps make more it realistic.

Synchronous- (Sound and Action synchronised) Sound that is matched with the action and movement e.g playing the piano.

Post-synchronisation dubbing- (SFX) adding sound to the scene after filmed.

These sounds help increase the intensity or tension of the scene.

Sound perspective- This refers to the apparent distance of a sound source evidenced by it's volume, timbre and pitch.

Sound bridge- Type of Sound editing that occurs when the sound carries over a visual transaction in a film.

Voice Over- Sound device where in one hears the voice of a character or narrator speaking but the character in question is not speaking those words on screen.

(#NOTE: Add Videos.)

Representation.

SOCIAL CLASS
The groups into which people are divided as a result of socio-economic inequality. The divisions between the social classes however are quite vague e.g. where the working class end and the middle class begin. Class is also closely related to status and lifestyle.
The social class system is regarded as 'Meritocratic.'

(A system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement.)

i.e. where social position is achieved by merit rather than ascribed by birth.

Upper Class

Inherited wealth, ascribed status. Owners of the ‘means of production’ e.g. landowners, titled gentry, aristocracy etc.

• Middle Class
  Those in skilled non-manual and professional occupations (white collar workers). Middle class may be ascribed or achieved.
• Working Class
  Manual occupations, both skilled and unskilled.
• Under Class
  Excluded groups, usually due to poverty and lack of employment. Often presented by the media as deviant – addicts/spongers etc.
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• DISABILITY 
• - The word "disabled" causes much debate. The 'dis' suffix is a negative one, implying reversal, and disabled in the dictionary heads a list of many negative words - disappoint, discard etc.

- Disabled as meaning made ineffective, unfit or incapable - those members of the population who find themselves labelled with this term may feel tarred as the word implies that they are unfit for anything and incapable of effectiveness in any field
Colin Barnes (1992) defined the portrayals of disabled people into 10 categories: 

- As pitiable and pathetic

• - As an object of violence
• - As sinister and evil
• - As a curiosity
• - As super cripple
• - As an object of ridicule
• - As their own worst and only enemy
• - As burden
• - As sexually abnormal
• - As incapable of participating fully in community life
• - As normal
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SEXUALITY
Sex is the mass media, especially within the moving image, it is becoming increasingly frequent & explicit. (About 66% of prime shows contain some sexual content)
Sex sells: "Viewers can observe depictions of intimacy & affection, marriage, family life & gender roles, as well as erotic behaviour, right in their living rooms'

Sexual Activity: Almost 23% of the sexual portrayals involve characters from the age of 18-24. About 9% involve characters under 18.


Homosexuality: Homosexuality is still not fully accepted in today's society and traditional patriarchal portrayals of both men and women are still dominant.

- Men are still seen to be powerful and successful and rational in thinking. It is still uncommon for men to appear emotional and sensitive. As a result of this homosexuality is rarely seen on TV.
~ When homosexuals do appear as characters on TV they are usually depicted negatively as 'Villains of ridicule.'
- Often it is difficult to identify gay or lesbian characters thus programmes have adopted signs of gayness in order to portray characters sexuality quicker and easier.
- Such signs include certain gestures, clothing and even code of language adopted in order to visualise.

BASIC CAMERA SHOTS

Extreme Long Shot: (Establishing Shot)-An extreme long shot is usually at an exterior angle.
-Usually at the start of production.
-Often used as an establishing shot to give the audience and idea of where they are.
-Main use is to establish time and location.

Wide Shot/Long Shot:
-Usually follows after an establishing shot.
-Enables the audience to see the character from head to toe.
-Enables the audience to become more familiar with the character within the environment.

Mid Shot:
-Provides the audience with a view of the character from the waist up. In fact, this is an approximation of how you would see a person "in the flesh" if you were having a casual conversation. You wouldn't be paying any attention to their lower body, so that part of the picture is unnecessary.
- Allows the audience to become more familiar with the character and their motivation as they are now abe to see their facial expressions and body language in better detail.

Close Up:
-A close up of a charcter will show the character's head & Shoulders with very little background in the frame.

-It enables the audience to focus on the characters facial expressions and emotions of the current time.

-Close ups can be used to focus on object of significance.

Extreme Close Up:

- Draws the audience attention further into the character's emotions as their attention is completely focused on the character as it is in more detail.

-Can be extremely intense to the audience as it is an unfamiliar viewpoint as they are unable to see anything around the character in the frame.
- Just like a close up it can be used to focus on object of significance.